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The emergence of warfare in human evolution is often explained through cultural, ecological, or cognitive frameworks. This article proposes an integrative structural hypothesis grounded in the evolution of bipedalism (GCSA), arguing that the anatomical and symbolic reorganization of the human body fundamentally reshaped social dynamics, creating conditions conducive to both internal cooperation and external exclusion. As hominins adopted upright posture and concealed genitalia, sexual and social signals became frontalized and symbolically mediated, intensifying in-group cohesion while simultaneously amplifying intergroup boundary enforcement. In precarious ecological contexts, this dynamic produced a direct correlation between internal cooperation and external aggression, leading to organized conflict as a byproduct of social and symbolic structuring. Archaeological and ethnographic evidence of prehistoric violence supports this model, highlighting warfare not as a mere cultural artifact but as an evolutionary adaptation linked to morphological and communicative changes. By framing warfare within the GCSA framework, this article offers a novel perspective on the origins of human conflict, emphasizing the embodied and symbolic roots of violence and territoriality in Homo sapiens.
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Title From Upright Posture to Organized Violence: The Role of Bipedalism in the Evolution of Warfare
The emergence of warfare in human evolution is often explained through cultural, ecological, or cognitive frameworks. This article proposes an integrative structural hypothesis grounded in the evolution of bipedalism (GCSA), arguing that the anatomical and symbolic reorganization of the human body fundamentally reshaped social dynamics, creating conditions conducive to both internal cooperation and external exclusion. As hominins adopted upright posture and concealed genitalia, sexual and social signals became frontalized and symbolically mediated, intensifying in-group cohesion while simultaneously amplifying intergroup boundary enforcement. In precarious ecological contexts, this dynamic produced a direct correlation between internal cooperation and external aggression, leading to organized conflict as a byproduct of social and symbolic structuring. Archaeological and ethnographic evidence of prehistoric violence supports this model, highlighting warfare not as a mere cultural artifact but as an evolutionary adaptation linked to morphological and communicative changes. By framing warfare within the GCSA framework, this article offers a novel perspective on the origins of human conflict, emphasizing the embodied and symbolic roots of violence and territoriality in Homo sapiens.
Work type Narrative, Essay
Tags social signaling, social cohesion, cooperative behavior, human evolution, evolutionary anthropology, symbolic communication, anatomical adaptation, bipedalism, intergroup aggression, warfare origins, intergroup conflict, genital concealment, prehistoric violence
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Identifier 2507022367213
Entry date Jul 2, 2025, 2:06 PM UTC
License All rights reserved
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Author. Holder Fernando Olalla Carabias. Date Jul 2, 2025.
Information available at https://www.safecreative.org/work/2507022367213-from-upright-posture-to-organized-violence-the-role-of-bipedalism-in-the-evolution-of-warfare
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